This obviously has no relevance for starlink which does not have local datacenters for cdn purposes. All that bandwidth is going through the satellites right before it reaches the user.
Definitely sounds like a no-brainer / reasonable next step.
Most ISPs have CND appliances in their racks to save on uplink bandwidth. And from a satellite perspective the uplink (in this scenario: the downlink from the satellite to the gateway) definitely is the expensive bottleneck.
You want to avoid congestion and every bit of caching could be helpful.
Then it comes down to the mass and power budget (and the reliability of flash drives in space) - but that doesn't seem too terrible.