Litmus, a real time extension of the linux kernel allowed such partioned scheduling. The last version is based on 4.9.30 and there is not plans to maintain it. Check https://www.litmus-rt.org/ for more details.
Even Litmus isn't great here AFAIU. The issue is that you kind of need to design the kernel from the ground up to not have potential long times between preemption points.
