This review of What Is Real?: The Unfinished Quest for the Meaning of Quantum Physics and The Ashtray: (Or the Man Who Denied Reality) contains an excellent introduction to Kant's ideas:
This was a really enjoyable read that goes through the history of science from the 20th century, and draws connections between the measurement problem from quantum mechanics and ideas from philosophy including logical positivism and transcendental idealism. It's well worth reading if you are at all interested in open problems in quantum mechanics.
http://bostonreview.net/science-nature-philosophy-religion/t...