Not really. You don't need to know about electromagnetism to fix a car.
But you do need to know about data structures, algorithms, computational complexity, and so on, to write software. You also have to know a lot more -- languages, frameworks, libraries, APIs, and good taste.
(I refuse to use the expression "design patterns", because all design patterns are what people with good taste naturally do without thinking. So have taste and you can skip reading about Flyweight Factory Facades.)
But you do need to know about data structures, algorithms, computational complexity, and so on, to write software. You also have to know a lot more -- languages, frameworks, libraries, APIs, and good taste.
(I refuse to use the expression "design patterns", because all design patterns are what people with good taste naturally do without thinking. So have taste and you can skip reading about Flyweight Factory Facades.)